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01 Basic Knowledge of novel coronavirus pneumonia

02 Prison Health Management

03 Preventive health measures

04 Personal Protection

05 Epidemic Response

 

01 Basic Knowledge of novel coronavirus pneumonia

Pneumonia infected by Novel Coronavirus is referred to as “novel coronavirus pneumonia” for short and its English name is “COVID-19”. It refers to pneumonia caused by Novel Coronavirus infection. Fever, fatigue and dry cough are the main manifestations. A few patients are accompanied by nasal obstruction, runny nose, sore throat and diarrhea. Severe patients mostly suffer from dyspnea and/or hypoxemia one week after onset, and severe patients rapidly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, metabolic acidosis that is difficult to correct and coagulation dysfunction.

Virus resistance:

Sensitive to ultraviolet rays and heat, 56 ℃ for 30min, 75% ethanol, chlorine-containing disinfectants, peracetic acid and other disinfectants can effectively inactivate the virus, but chlorhexidine (guanidine) disinfectants cannot effectively inactivate the virus.

At room temperature, it can survive for 2-10 days in different body fluids and even on the surface of objects.

With the increase of temperature, the resistance of the virus decreases, but the virus must reach a certain temperature and exceed the corresponding time to inactivate the virus.

Pneumonia Transmission Route of Novel Coronavirus Infection:

Respiratory droplet transmission

(1) Inhaling respiratory droplets emitted by patients or virus carriers when coughing or sneezing;

(2) Conjunctiva, nasal mucosa and other places are contaminated with sputum, blood, vomitus, body fluids, secretions, etc. of patients or virus carriers;

(3) Hands are contaminated with sputum, blood, vomit, body fluids, secretions, etc. of patients or virus carriers, or touch articles and appliances contaminated by these secretions, and then directly contact mouth, eyes, nose, etc. with hands.

Contact propagation

Who is vulnerable to Novel Coronavirus?

People are generally susceptible. Whether you will be infected depends mainly on whether you have contact with patients or asymptomatic infected persons.

The elderly and patients with chronic basic diseases may progress faster, have higher severity and have poor prognosis after infection.

According to the current treatment of patients, most patients have good prognosis, while only a few patients are in critical condition or even die.

What if Novel Coronavirus is diagnosed?

We should believe that the current coronavirus epidemic is preventable and treatable, and the patients can be completely cured.



Actively cooperate with isolation treatment, accept health examination and epidemiological investigation, truthfully provide personal contact history, and shall not evade management.

Accept the follow-up management of the health department, do a good job in personal protection, reduce close contact with others, and truthfully report the changes of personal illness.

Don’t be nervous, keep relaxed, arrange sleep and exercise scientifically according to the doctor’s advice, and pay attention to strengthening nutrition.

02 Prison Health Management

1. Health monitoring system
2. Fully enclosed management and setting up isolation zones
3. Material Reserve
4. Training and Mental Health

1. Health monitoring system

• Establish a health monitoring system for staff and prisoners. Special personnel shall be responsible for measuring the personnel entering the unit every day.
• Units with shuttle buses shall assign special personnel to measure the body temperature of the personnel on board before the shuttle bus. Those with fever symptoms are prohibited from taking the shuttle bus. For staff with fever, cough and other symptoms, it is forbidden to enter the unit, and immediately guide timely medical treatment.

2. Fully enclosed management and setting up isolation zones

• It should adopt totally enclosed management, prohibit personnel from visiting, reduce the entry and exit of prison guards and staff, and restrict the movement of personnel in prisons. Necessities of life can be delivered to their homes.
• New inmates should be isolated and observed for 14 days, and can only be admitted to prison after there is no abnormality.
• Set up an isolated observation area. When staff members or prisoners have suspicious symptoms such as fever, fatigue and dry cough, they should go to the area for temporary isolation in time and then deal with them according to relevant specifications.

3. Material Reserve

• Pay attention to the allocation of necessary drugs and protective materials to meet the needs of epidemic prevention and control. Cooperate with disease control institutions to carry out standardized case epidemiological investigation and isolation observation and tracking management of close contacts.
• According to the prison situation, all kinds of epidemic prevention materials are estimated and equipped, such as masks, protective clothing, goggles, disinfection tools, disinfectants, etc.

4. Training and Mental Health

• Strengthen prevention and control knowledge training. In combination with health training and education, warning and notification systems, various forms of novel coronavirus pneumonia prevention and control knowledge training and publicity and education are organized to improve the self-protection awareness and ability of prison guards and prisoners.

Encourage the development of mental health services. To understand the mental health status of the affected personnel and prisoners, and to relieve anxiety and fear under the severe epidemic situation.

 

03 Preventive health measures

1. Ventilation
2. Health protection facilities
3. Cleaning and Disinfection
4. Garbage Disposal

• Ventilation
• Strengthen the ventilation in the supervision area and the administrative office area, maintain indoor air circulation, and open windows for natural ventilation when the temperature permits.
• Open the window once a day in the morning, once a day in the middle and once a day in the evening, and the ventilation time is at least 30 minutes each time.
• We should take off-peak ventilation and rest to avoid or reduce personnel gathering and collective activities as much as possible.

2. Health protection facilities

• Ensure the normal operation of hand washing, eye washing and spraying facilities in the workplace.
• Cleaning and disinfection
• Do a good job in cleaning and disinfection of the surfaces of objects in the supervision area and the administrative office area.
• Keep the environment clean and tidy, disinfect regularly and keep records of cleaning and disinfection.
• Strengthen the regular disinfection of places and meals (drinking) utensils.
• For the surface of objects in high-frequency contact, chlorine-containing disinfectant can be sprayed or wiped, or disinfectant wipe can be used to wipe.

Equipped with hand disinfectant

• Garbage disposal
• Strengthen the classified collection of garbage and timely removal. Increase the frequency of cleaning and disinfection of garbage containers such as garbage cans. The chlorine-containing disinfectant containing available chlorine 500mg/L can be sprayed or wiped.

Cleaning and disinfection: 

1. Clean and disinfect the surface. Keep the ground clean and tidy. Use chlorine-containing disinfectant (available chlorine 250mg/L ~ 500mg/L) wet mop to wipe. When vomitus is found, disposable absorbent materials and sufficient disinfectants (such as chlorine-containing disinfectants) or effective disinfection dry towels should be immediately used to cover and disinfect vomitus. After removing vomitus, use quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant or chlorine-containing disinfectant to disinfect the surface of the object.
2. Air conditioning and ventilation system. Regularly disinfect the air inlet and air outlet of the air conditioner with disinfectant containing available chlorine 500mg/L; Strengthen the cleaning and disinfection of condensate pan and cooling water of fan coil unit; Cleaning and disinfection of air conditioning and ventilation systems shall be carried out in accordance with the Cleaning and Disinfection Specification for Centralized Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems in Public Places (WS/T 396
3. Public toilet.

(1) Toilets should be kept clean and dry, with air circulation, hand sanitizer provided, and the normal use of faucets and other facilities should be ensured.

(2) The frequency of toilet inspections should be increased, and the number of disinfection should be increased as appropriate.

(3) In order to prevent air aerosol pollution, wash basins, showers and other drainage pipes should be washed frequently to ensure the water seal isolation effect of the U-type pipes and sewers.

(4) Disinfect the surfaces of public countertops, sink, door handles, toilet keys and other objects, spray or wipe with disinfectant containing 500mg/L of available chlorine, and wipe clean with clear water after 30 minutes.

4 Learning rooms, sports and recreational activities rooms, skills training rooms, labor reform rooms and other service rooms.

(1) Keep the environment clean. It is recommended to ventilate 3 times a day for 20-30 minutes each time. Pay attention to keeping warm during ventilation.

(2) In principle, personnel in a single environment may not wear masks.

(3) Workers in a multi-person gathering environment should wear medical masks and keep a distance of more than 1 meter between people.

(4) Wash hands and disinfect before entering the service room. The interval between personnel is more than 1 meter.



(5) Minimize collective activities and control the time of collective activities. When the time of collective activities is too long, open windows and ventilate once.

(6) After the activity, the venue and furniture shall be disinfected.

5. Kitchen and restaurant (supervision area), canteen and restaurant (administrative office area).

(1) Maintain air circulation, with cleaning as the main factor and preventive disinfection as the auxiliary factor.

(2) Take effective diversion measures to encourage off-peak meals and avoid crowded personnel and dinner activities.

(3) The restaurant is disinfected 3 times a day, 1 time in the morning and 1 time in the evening. To strengthen the cleaning and disinfection of food (drinking) utensils, food (drinking) utensils should be disinfected by one person, one by one. The food (drinking) utensils can be boiled or sterilized by circulating steam for 15 minutes after residue removal and cleaning. Or use thermal disinfection cabinet and other disinfection methods; Or soak in chlorine-containing disinfectant with available chlorine 250mg/L for 30 minutes, and wash away the residual disinfectant after disinfection.

(4) It is strictly prohibited to mix raw food with cooked food products to avoid raw meat.

 

04 Personal Protection

1, Police officers, staff

2. Prisoners 

• Police officers and staff
• Wear masks correctly, strengthen hand hygiene measures, and carry out hand hygiene at any time. Wash hands or use quick-drying hand disinfectant. When there are visible pollutants, hand sanitizer should be used to wash hands under flowing water.
• When sneezing and coughing, you should cover your nose and mouth with paper towels or elbows (not hands). Put the paper towels used when sneezing and coughing into a covered garbage can. After sneezing and coughing, you should thoroughly wash your hands with soap or hand sanitizer.
• Reduce communication with other staff in the prison. Do not take off masks and keep a certain distance when communicating.

Pay attention to your physical condition. During the on-the-job period, pay attention to the physical condition. When symptoms such as fever and cough occur, you should go to the designated hospital for medical treatment in time according to regulations. Try to avoid taking public transportation such as public transportation and subway. You should wear masks on the way to the hospital and throughout the hospital.

2. Prisoners

• Masks should be worn, hand hygiene should be strengthened, and the habit of washing hands frequently should be formed.
• When sneezing and coughing, one should cover one’s nose and mouth with elbows (not hands) to avoid spraying on other prisoners. After sneezing and coughing, one should thoroughly wash one’s hands with soap or hand sanitizer.
• Do not take off masks when communicating with visiting personnel, keep a certain distance and avoid direct contact.
• Prisoners should wear masks when they are free or resting to reduce direct contact with other prisoners. When conditions permit, they should keep a certain distance from others as far as possible.
• Pay attention to the physical condition during serving the sentence. When symptoms such as fever and cough occur, report to the police officers in time and seek medical treatment and investigation under the supervision of the police officers. 

05 Prison Epidemic Response

1. Prison with Case Discovery
2. Prison for Spread of Epidemic 

1. Prison with Case Discovery
2. Symptom screening. As soon as possible, organize and carry out symptom screening for all prisoners and police officers. If one of the symptoms such as fever (axillary body temperature is higher than 37.3 ℃), cough and shortness of breath is found, register the list of abnormal symptoms. CT examination shall be carried out on policemen and prisoners with abnormal symptoms. If there are ground glass-like changes or patch-like changes in the lungs, clinical diagnosis and laboratory etiological diagnosis shall be carried out.
3. Evacuate prisoners. We will divert close contacts to other places of detention as soon as possible, block the route of infection, reduce the risk of cross-infection, and effectively implement the isolation requirements. Strengthen the symptom monitoring of the transferred personnel, and transfer the abnormal personnel back to the prison.
4. Establish patient area, isolation area, isolation observation area and general area. Distribution of disposable masks, 2 per person per day, to strengthen protection.
5. Deploy prison administration and logistics personnel to form a police reserve team.
6. Key prevention and control measures.

(1) Increase emphasis on ventilation, wear masks correctly, wash hands frequently, reduce unnecessary personnel mobility and contact, and strengthen daily disinfection.

(2) Open windows in the prison and remove plastic films for ventilation. The work area can be mechanically ventilated by electric fans. Allocate soap or hand sanitizer beside the existing faucet in the prison area to increase the hand washing effect. If it is really impossible to wash your hands, you can wipe your hands with 75% alcohol.

(3) Terminal disinfection is required for the places where the patients have lived, and professionals are responsible for the terminal disinfection of the prison. 

2. Prison for Spread of Epidemic
3. Personnel screening.

(1) Symptom screening: Police officers and prisoners who come into contact with confirmed cases shall be screened for symptoms. Those who have one of the symptoms such as fever (axillary body temperature is higher than 37.3 ℃), cough and shortness of breath shall be registered on the list of abnormal symptoms.

(2) CT screening and etiological monitoring: CT examination shall be carried out on policemen and prisoners with abnormal symptoms. If there are ground glass-like changes or patch-like changes in the lungs, clinical diagnosis and laboratory etiological diagnosis shall be carried out.

2. District management (police officers and prisoners). According to the following four categories of personnel, the management shall be carried out in different areas: 1. Severe and common new crown patients to be referred; 2. Isolation area for light confirmed patients (throat swab nucleic acid test is positive and lung CT has no obvious abnormality); 3. Isolated observation area for suspected cases and abnormal symptoms (one of fever, cough and shortness of breath). Close contacts carry out medical observation in the isolated observation area; 4. Asymptomatic. Prisoners can be found in the existing prison number and prison area. Existing diagnosis and treatment areas for patients with other diseases should be separated from the above isolation areas to avoid cross infection.
3. Prisons that do not have the conditions for isolation and diagnosis and treatment shall promptly transfer severe cases (confirmed and suspected cases) to designated hospitals for severe treatment, ordinary novel coronavirus pneumonia patients (confirmed and suspected cases) to designated hospitals for treatment, and strengthen supervision during treatment.
4. Terminal disinfection. Terminal disinfection should be carried out in places where patients have lived, and professionals should be responsible for terminal disinfection in prisons.

Fight against the epidemic, start with me!

Source: Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention